Chronic sinusitis va

Mar 5, 2024 · How Does the VA Evaluate and Rate Service-Connected Sinusitis? Under VA regulations, confirmed diagnoses of acute or chronic sinusitis tie to fixed rating criteria under 38 CFR § 4.97, Diagnostic Codes 6510-6514. Exact ratings hinge on symptoms like: Infection episode frequency; Antibiotic treatment duration; Breathing difficulties

Chronic sinusitis va. There are 35 doctors in Rocky Gap, VA that treat Chronic sinusitis. Find the best for you: Ronald Billips, MD, Chad Lard, DO, Stephen Miller, DO, Anjum Rana, MD, Cuddalore Vasudevan, MD.

As of 2013, there were approximately 7,391,000 living veterans who served during the Vietnam war. They are the largest group of veterans in the United States.

When a veteran submits a VA claim for disability benefits based on a chronic sinusitis diagnosis, the VA will review the claim, the veteran’s symptoms, and medical evidence. Then, it assigns a sinusitis VA rating to the veteran which may lead to disability compensation.When a veteran submits a VA claim for disability benefits based on a chronic sinusitis diagnosis, the VA will review the claim, the veteran’s symptoms, and … Side Effects. Basic Signs And Manifestations Of Chronic Sinusitis Include: Nasal irritation. Thick, stained release from the nose. Waste down the rear of the throat (postnasal seepage) Nasal hindrance or congestion, causing trouble breathing through your nose. Torment, delicacy and expanding around your eyes, cheeks, nose or temple. The VA rates Sinusitis under CFR 38, Part 4, VA Schedule of Ratings, Diagnostic Code 6510, Sinusitis, pansinusitis, chronic. VA Ratings for Sinusitis range from 0% to 50% with breaks at 10% and 30%. The highest scheduler rating for …Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent and disabling condition of the paranasal sinuses. It affects approximately 31 million people in the United States and accounts for an estimated $8.6 billion in direct health care expenditures. 1 CRS is reported to have a more negative impact on quality of life than other chronic conditions, such as congestive …Although considered non-compensable, the veteran may still qualify for other benefits, such as VA health care. VA Ratings for Sinusitis. VA rates chronic sinusitis under 38 CFR § 4.97 according to the General Rating Formula for Sinusitis (Diagnostic Codes 6510 through 6514). The criteria are as follows:In some cases, you may need surgery on the nose, sinuses, or both. This can improve sinus drainage or remove nasal blockages. Chronic sinusitis is a long-term swelling or infection of the sinuses. If sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks (90 days), it is called chronic.The chronic rhinitis VA rating will typically be higher than the acute rhinitis VA rating. What Is Non-Allergic Rhinitis? Allergic rhinitis involves the body’s immune system overreacting to the presence of allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust in the air.

Allergic Rhinitis and/or Chronic Sinusitis Exam? What to expect? Veterans as well as Active Duty Military in the VA Disability Claims Process, this video is ...sinusitis and rhinitis claim. VA Disability Claims. I have been seeing a sinus specialist after being diagnosed with sleep apnea by the VA (but denied SC). They diagnosed me with chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, sleep apnea, and a deviated septum. Since I deployed to Djibouti, I put in a claim with the hopes of presumptive SC due to burn pits.If you are like more than 25 million adult Americans who have chronic pain every day, you know it is a big problem. It can significantly impact the quality of life that a person ha...Understanding the Relationship: OSA and Sinusitis. Veterans grappling with obstructive sleep apnea often find themselves confronting a myriad of upper airway issues, including chronic sinusitis. While the association between these conditions may not always be apparent, research indicates a significant overlap in their pathophysiology.I had balloon dilation sinus surgery to removed polyps (they are still in my sinuses just under surface and will return at done point im just treating them) i get headaches, post nasal, thick mucous, stuffy nose, green infected snot) And am diagnosed chronic sinusitis from ent, with a very detailed nexus letter and questionnaire.

As of 2013, there were approximately 7,391,000 living veterans who served during the Vietnam war. They are the largest group of veterans in the United States.Sample Disability Compensation Letter for Sinusitis, Sleep Apnea, and Allergic Rhinitis: Avoid The Weeds. By Benjamin Krause April 26, 2024. 112 Comments. The key to winning your VA benefits claim ...For VA purposes, there are actually THREE types of Rhinitis. Each has its own diagnostic code (DC): Allergic Rhinitis (DC 6522) With polyps: rated at 30%. Without polyps, but greater than 50% obstruction of both nasal passages or total obstruction on one side: rated at 10%. Bacterial Rhinitis (DC 6523)Update, just got sinusitis increased from 0% to 10%. Documented everything for about six months, went to urgent care clinics instead of over the counter at CVS. Went and saw my primary dr. at the va, sent me to the ENTs, prescribe some flonase and antibiotics. Also i wrote a log out everytime i went or felt bad.

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Allergic Rhinitis and/or Chronic Sinusitis Exam? What to expect? Veterans as well as Active Duty Military in the VA Disability Claims Process, this video is ...The examiner diagnosed the Veteran as having, in relevant part, chronic sinusitis. He also stated in the diagnosis section of his report that "rhinitis would go along with the sinusitis." The Veteran indicated at the March 2013 hearing that he has been receiving treatment since 1992 for his disability from a private physician.Effective August 5, 2021, 38 CFR 3.320 establishes presumptive service connection (SC) for the following chronic respiratory conditions related to burn pit exposure: Sinusitis (or Rhinosinusitis, which is inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses). According to VA Disability Expert Brian Reese, “Asthma is a high-value claim and ...VA Ratings for Sleep Apnea Secondary to Sinusitis. The VA rates sleep apnea secondary to sinusitis at 0%, 30%, 50%, and 100%, depending on the severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms. ... If your chronic sinusitis causes congestion and inflammation, blocking your nasal passages, you will likely develop or worsen a …Sinusitis means sinus inflammation and infection. Acute sinusitis may come on suddenly. It often happens right after an upper respiratory infection, such as a cold. Viruses cause most acute sinus infections. But bacteria may also be the cause. Chronic sinusitis is ongoing swelling of the sinus lining.How Does the VA Evaluate and Rate Service-Connected Sinusitis? Under VA regulations, confirmed diagnoses of acute or chronic sinusitis tie to fixed rating criteria under 38 CFR § 4.97, Diagnostic Codes 6510-6514. Exact ratings hinge on symptoms like: Infection episode frequency; Antibiotic treatment duration; Breathing difficulties

In order to be rated by the VA, you must have chronic laryngitis. Acute laryngitis is a short-term problem that usually goes away after a couple of weeks. If your symptoms continue past that time, you may have chronic laryngitis. How the VA Rates Chronic Laryngitis Secondary to Sinusitis. The VA rates chronic laryngitis at either 10% or 30%. Sleep apnea can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Sleep apnea patients also experience excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and mood disorders, which can affect their work performance and quality of life. Moreover, chronic sinusitis can cause headaches, facial pain, and nasal discharge, leading to sleep ... chronic depression, anxiety, labile mood swings, disillusionment, and social withdrawal. R. at 3201. He continued to experience pain and stiffness in his left ankle, knee, and shoulder, and expressed that the resulting limitations from these conditions impacted his mood: "I was once a lot ... In November 2017, a VA examiner opined that the veteran's OSA was less …Chronic pain is a growing problem in the US. More than 3 out of 10 Americans are experiencing chronic pain. Not only are daily activities impaired by chronic pain, but it also caus...As a veteran, you have access to a variety of benefits that can help you and your family. One of the best ways to take advantage of these benefits is to set up an eBenefits login. ... Send your completed application to Health Eligibility Center, 2957 Clairmont Rd., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329. 3. Apply in person at our Seattle or American Lake Eligibility Offices (800-329-8387 x 76542) by bringing in a signed Application for Health Benefits (VA Form 10-10EZ) with you (see guidance in 2. above). 4. Virginia Sinus Center is committed to providing compassionate patient care with cutting-edge technology. Let our skilled staff of ENT specialists create a personalized treatment plan to give you relief from chronic sinusitis pain and inflammation. Visit one of our 7 convenient locations in Norfolk, Belle Haven, Franklin, Churchland, Suffolk ...For VA purposes, there are actually THREE types of Rhinitis. Each has its own diagnostic code (DC): Allergic Rhinitis (DC 6522) With polyps: rated at 30%. Without polyps, but greater than 50% obstruction of both nasal passages or total obstruction on one side: rated at 10%. Bacterial Rhinitis (DC 6523)The Department of Veterans Affairs will begin processing disability claims Aug. 2 for asthma, rhinitis and sinusitis on a presumptive basis based on presumed particulate matter exposures during military service in Southwest Asia and certain other areas — if these conditions manifested within 10 years of a qualifying period of military service.Mike: VA rates chronic sinusitis under the regulation 38 CFR section 4.97, and again, it’s according to the general rating formula, diagnostic codes 6510 through 6514 here for sinusitis and it rates the condition on a scale of a few different ratings. So, the lowest rating a veteran can receive is a 0% non-compensable rating and we’ll go ...• Chronic: Symptoms lasting eight weeks or longer and of varying severity. Symptoms are typically similar to acute sinusitis, but often, more fatigue is present. • Recurrent: Three …Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder which is characterized by complete or partial pharyngeal collapse, resulting in snoring, repetitive hypoxia, and brief periods of arousal during sleep 1,2,3.Recently, growing biological evidence has supported chronic intermittent hypoxia due to OSA activating …

In 2014, the VA diagnosed me with chronic sinusitis. Last year I tried to claim it as a disability, it didn’t show up on xray, and the VA denied the claim because they say that I don’t have a diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. But it’s my understanding that xray is the least reliable way to diagnose this. ... Was awarded last month 50% Chronic Sinusitis and …

VA automatically presumes that certain disabilities were caused by military service. This ... If you are diagnosed with a chronic disease within one year of active -duty release, you should apply for disability compensation. Examples of chronic disease include: arthritis, diabetes or hypertension. Or, if you served continuously for at least 90 days and are …Chronic sinusitis. ( J32) J32.9 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, unspecified. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024.J32.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM J32.9 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of J32.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 J32.9 may differ. Applicable To.Pact Act Chronic Sinusitis question. VA Disability Claims. I've been dx with Chronic Sinusitis for a while now. I put in for the pact act claim back in November. Today I got my CT scan and I have Polyps. The ratings for Sinusitis don't include Polyps but the rating for Allergic Rhinitis does. There's other swelling and hardening that proves ...121. Mar 22, 2010 #1. I was rated 30% sinusitus 3 years ago based on antibiotic usage (more than 3 times year). About 18 months ago, I has sinus surgery due to chronic infection. Sicne the surgery, I continue to have frequent infections. My recent ct scan showed complete soft tissue opacification of the left medial antrostomy.Chronic sinusitis is a common incidental finding in patients who have a head CT for other reasons (eg, patients with headache with or without mild head injury) but is rarely the cause of the patient's symptoms. Microbial cultures are rarely done because a valid culture requires a sample obtained by sinus endoscopy or sinus puncture; culturing a swab of … Recurrent: Three or more Symptoms : Symptoms between lasting are typically episodes six weeks it be considered subacute. by bacterial infection. • to or sinusitis, but often, occur per of varying fatigue is present. Symptoms congestion, of sinusitis difficulty thick nasal breathing, drainage, bad-tasting sometimes headache, facial swelling ...

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The examiner diagnosed the Veteran as having, in relevant part, chronic sinusitis. He also stated in the diagnosis section of his report that "rhinitis would go along with the sinusitis." The Veteran indicated at the March 2013 hearing that he has been receiving treatment since 1992 for his disability from a private physician.• Chronic: Symptoms lasting eight weeks or longer and of varying severity. Symptoms are typically similar to acute sinusitis, but often, more fatigue is present. • Recurrent: Three …Results: The five respiratory conditions with the highest prevalence per 100,000 veterans across both Gulf War deployed and Gulf War Era non-deployed veterans (respectively) were: allergic rhinitis (8,400 and 8,041), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4,763 and 4,795), asthma (4,685 and 4,477), chronic airway obstruction (3,983 and 4,059), and …Recurrent: Three or more Symptoms : Symptoms between lasting are typically episodes six weeks it be considered subacute. by bacterial infection. • to or sinusitis, but often, occur per of varying fatigue is present. Symptoms congestion, of sinusitis difficulty thick nasal breathing, drainage, bad-tasting sometimes headache, facial swelling ...Acute sinusitis episodes are usually due to colds and do not last long, but chronic sinusitis symptoms can last 12 weeks or longer. The VA recognizes chronic sinusitis in its disability rating system. It also …Other aetiologies for nasal obstruction such as chronic sinusitis or inflammatory problems such as AR and/or non-allergic cellular rhinitis, could be the reason why nocturnal nasal breathing is absent 11,16. In our observational study, it emerged that 70% of OSA patients displayed nasal respiratory obstruction.What is chronic sinusitis? Chronic sinusitis is long-lasting swelling or infection in your sinuses. Unlike acute sinusitis, which typically goes away within 10 days, chronic sinusitis may last 12 weeks or more.Healthcare providers can help cure it, but you may need several different kinds of treatment to make it go away for good.Chronic Sinusitis VA Benefits. Published on September 30, 2019 by Neil Woods. Last Updated on February 27, 2024. If you have a runny nose and sinus headaches that put you on your back more than a …As a disabled veteran, you may be eligible for home repair grants that can help you make necessary repairs to your home. These grants can help you improve the safety and accessibil...6514 Sinusitis, sphenoid, chronic. General Rating Formula for Sinusitis (DC's 6510 through 6514): Following radical surgery with chronic osteomyelitis, or; near constant sinusitis characterized by headaches, pain and tenderness of affected sinus, and purulent discharge or crusting after repeated surgeries 50. ….

A disability rating for sinusitis related to service injury generally is limited to ten percent (10%), thirty percent (30%), and fifty percent (50%) disability. The VA considers: Medical evidence of chronic sinusitis. Evidence showing how it is a direct result of your service. Evidence of multiple episodes of incapacitation annually due to it.This exposure is now linked to chronic cases of asthma, rhinitis, and sinusitis. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough announced on May 27 the intention to initiate rulemaking to include these respiratory conditions among the chronic disabilities listed for service-connected presumptions.I was denied, not being service connected. I gave up and didn’t try even though I was diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea by the VA after a sleep study and was given a CPAP. This year 2023 I was awarded 50% Sinusitis, 30% Allergic Rhinitis and 10% Asthma (this should be 30% waiting to submit a supplemental).121. Mar 22, 2010 #1. I was rated 30% sinusitus 3 years ago based on antibiotic usage (more than 3 times year). About 18 months ago, I has sinus surgery due to chronic infection. Sicne the surgery, I continue to have frequent infections. My recent ct scan showed complete soft tissue opacification of the left medial antrostomy.VA Announces New Presumptive Respiratory Conditions Related to Particulate Matter. Three new respiratory conditions are now considered presumptive by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Starting August 2, 2021, veterans diagnosed with chronic asthma, rhinitis, and sinusitis within 10 years of a qualifying period of service in ...Allergic Rhinitis and/or Chronic Sinusitis Exam? What to expect? Veterans as well as Active Duty Military in the VA Disability Claims Process, this video is ...Stay indoors on days when the index is high. Having surgery. In some cases, you may need surgery on the nose, sinuses, or both. This can improve sinus drainage or remove nasal blockages. Chronic sinusitis is a long-term swelling or infection of the sinuses. If sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks (90 days), it is called chronic.How Does the VA Evaluate and Rate Service-Connected Sinusitis? Under VA regulations, confirmed diagnoses of acute or chronic sinusitis tie to fixed rating criteria under 38 CFR § 4.97, Diagnostic Codes 6510-6514. Exact ratings hinge on symptoms like: Read more. Infection episode frequency; Antibiotic treatment duration; Breathing difficultiesThe chronic rhinitis VA rating will typically be higher than the acute rhinitis VA rating. What Is Non-Allergic Rhinitis? ... In sinusitis—a sinus infection—the small cavities of mucus in the bones in your face get infected. This will cause your mucus to be a thick green or yellow color. Sinusitis can also cause your face to be tender. Chronic sinusitis va, If you are a veteran or know someone who is, it’s essential to be aware of the resources available to support and assist veterans. One crucial resource is the Veterans Service Offi..., What are the VA Rating for Sinusitis? Understanding how the VA rates sinusitis is important for veterans seeking compensation for the condition. Ratings range from 0% to 50% and are determined based on the severity of the symptoms and their impact on a veteran’s day-to-day life., According to the 2015 American Community Survey, there are 18.8 million veterans in the United States, 9.3 million of whom were aged 65 and older. There are many different deals an..., Dr. Dwight Jones discusses chronic sinusitis is and what patients suffering from it can come to expect when they come to the Nebraska Medicine - ENT, ENT All..., For Internal VA Use Sinusitis/Rhinitis and other Conditions of the Nose, Throat, Larynx and Pharynx DBQ . Updated on April 16, 2020 ~v20_1 Page 3 of 8 ... INDICATE THE SINUSES/TYPE OF SINUSITIS CURRENTLY AFFECTED BY THE VETERAN'S CHRONIC SINUSITIS (Check all that apply): 2 3. DOES THE VETERAN …, Introduction. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory disorder generally caused by an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated response to a variety of environmental allergens, including cockroach frass, animal dander, pollens, dust mites, and molds [].It is characterized by two or more symptoms of nasal itching, rhinorrhea, nasal …, Stay indoors on days when the index is high. Having surgery. In some cases, you may need surgery on the nose, sinuses, or both. This can improve sinus drainage or remove nasal blockages. Chronic sinusitis is a long-term swelling or infection of the sinuses. If sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks (90 days), it is called chronic. , The VA workgroup reviewed the most claimed chronic conditions related to airborne hazards for disability compensation benefits and found that asthma, sinusitis, and rhinitis were the most claimed and granted (on the basis of direct service connection) respiratory conditions, and these conditions also most closely represented the symptomatology ..., The PACT Act is a law that expands VA health care and benefits for Veterans exposed to burn pits, Agent Orange, and other toxic substances. This law helps us provide generations of Veterans—and their survivors—with the care and benefits they’ve earned and deserve. And starting March 5, 2024, we’re expanding VA health care to millions of Veterans—years earlier than called for by the ..., Stay indoors on days when the index is high. Having surgery. In some cases, you may need surgery on the nose, sinuses, or both. This can improve sinus drainage or remove nasal blockages. Chronic sinusitis is a long-term swelling or infection of the sinuses. If sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks (90 days), it is called chronic., Side Effects. Basic Signs And Manifestations Of Chronic Sinusitis Include: Nasal irritation. Thick, stained release from the nose. Waste down the rear of the throat (postnasal seepage) Nasal hindrance or congestion, causing trouble breathing through your nose. Torment, delicacy and expanding around your eyes, cheeks, nose or temple., Veterans who think they may qualify are encouraged to apply using VA Form 21-526EZ if this is their first application, or VA Form 20-0995 for those reapplying for these specific conditions. Frequently Asked Questions. How does the VA determine the severity of asthma, rhinitis, and sinusitis for disability claims?, The VA workgroup reviewed the most claimed chronic conditions related to airborne hazards for disability compensation benefits and found that asthma, sinusitis, and rhinitis were the most claimed and granted (on the basis of direct service connection) respiratory conditions, and these conditions also most closely represented the …, In conclusion, the relationship between OSA and chronic sinusitis is multifaceted, encompassing both clinical and pathophysiological dimensions. By elucidating this connection and understanding its implications for VA disability claims, veterans can advocate for their rights and access the resources they need to manage their conditions effectively., 50% Following radical surgery with chronic osteomyelitis, OR; near constant sinusitis characterized by headaches, pain and tenderness of affected sinus, and purulent discharge or crusting after repeated surgeries. *Incapacitating episode means the Veteran required bed rest and treatment by a physician., You don't need a label for chronic. Acute is a one time thing. If you are having multiple occurrences per year, it's a chronic condition. Most who have allergies are chronic. Maybe you can pull a few minute clinic visit receipts or something. You'll see that saving records becomes real important in the VA disability world., There are 3 primary ways a veteran can get a VA disability rating for Sinusitis (Chronic): #1: Direct Service Connection for Sinusitis with a rating of 0%, 10%, 30%, or 50%. This means an in-service event, injury, or disease related to your military service caused you to develop Sinusitis., Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammatory sinus disease. It is diagnosed when you have a sinus infection, called sinusitis, for 12 weeks or more., What are “Presumptive Conditions”? If you are diagnosed with a chronic disease within one year of active-duty release, you should apply for disability compensation. Examples of chronic disease include: arthritis, diabetes or hypertension. Or, if you served continuously for at least 90 days and are diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral ... , There are 3 primary ways a veteran can get a VA disability rating for Sinusitis (Chronic): #1: Direct Service Connection for Sinusitis with a rating of 0%, 10%, 30%, or 50%. This means an in-service event, injury, or disease related to your military service caused you to develop Sinusitis., Other common symptoms of chronic sinusitis include: headaches due to pressure and swelling in your sinuses. pain in your ears. throat soreness. jaw and tooth soreness. feeling nauseous. cough that ..., NOTE - For VA purposes, an incapacitating episode of sinusitis means one that requires bed rest and treatment prescribed by a physician. A2. DOES THE VETERAN CURRENTLY HAVE ANY FINDINGS, SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHRONIC SINUSITIS? A3., There are 35 doctors in Rocky Gap, VA that treat Chronic sinusitis. Find the best for you: Ronald Billips, MD, Chad Lard, DO, Stephen Miller, DO, Anjum Rana, MD, Cuddalore Vasudevan, MD., Effective August 5, 2021, 38 CFR 3.320 establishes presumptive service connection (SC) for the following chronic respiratory conditions related to burn pit exposure: Sinusitis (or Rhinosinusitis, which is inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses). According to VA Disability Expert Brian Reese, “Asthma is a high-value claim and ..., Sinusitis findings show that deployed Veterans were 29% more likely to have been diagnosed with sinusitis during and after 2001 compared to non-deployed …, Sinusitis is caused by a plethora of infections as well as allergic reagents. The highly trained Allergists are familiar with sinus problems and will ..., Chronic sinusitis is also known as chronic rhinosinusitis. It's often diagnosed when you've had symptoms for more than 12 weeks, even with medical treatment. The …, For example: Dr. Jane Doe, MD 1234 Medical Lane Boston, MA 02101. In addition, the doctor should include the following information above the first paragraph of the letter: Date: January 1, 2021 Reference: …, Chronic: Symptoms lasting eight weeks or longer and of varying severity. Symptoms are typically similar to acute sinusitis, but often, more fatigue is present. • Recurrent: Three …, 6511 Sinusitis, ethmoid, chronic. 6512 Sinusitis, frontal, chronic. 6513 Sinusitis, maxillary, chronic. 6514 Sinusitis, sphenoid, chronic. General Rating Formula for Sinusitis (DC's 6510 through 6514): Following radical surgery with chronic osteomyelitis, or; near constant sinusitis characterized by headaches, pain and tenderness of affected ... , Acute sinusitis episodes are usually due to colds and do not last long, but chronic sinusitis symptoms can last 12 weeks or longer. The VA recognizes chronic sinusitis in its disability rating system. It also …, The ratings can extend from 0% to 100%, with intervals of 10%. For sinusitis, VA’s ratings are 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%. They will only consider your medical reports and the result of their C&P examination. They usually base the rating on the number of incapacitating or non-incapacitating episodes the patient had in a year., Sinus headache. Sinus infection. Nasal obstructions. These problems can get worse with time and seem like they're never going away. At UVA, our specially ...