Etg per drink

The math of reducing 5000 NG per one drink, in half (divided by 2) related to the time until test, is a good place to start. The half life, is consistently 2-3 hours, on average, using higher values for safety. Number of drinks X 5000. Equals your ETG PEAK LEVEL. Hours until Test (Divided by 3) = How many half Lives.

Etg per drink. Long Island criminal defense attorney Jason Bassett works diligently to provide clients with skilled legal advice and to defend their best interests. Contact Jason Bassett Criminal Attorney today at (631) 259-6060 to schedule a consultation. ETG Calculator Long Island ETG Calculator - Jason Bassett Criminal Lawyer People who are familiar with ...

FAA regulations say passengers can't drink alcohol that they bring onboard themselves. There's one potential loophole, though. It's July Fourth weekend, and Americans are ready to ...

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) urine test: EtG is an alcohol metabolite. Although EtG tests usually have a detection window of about 24 to 72 hours, the metabolite may be …Aims: This study examines the biomarker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in various alcoholic beverages. Short summary: The biomarker EtG was consistently found to be a natural compound of wine, whereas it was not detected in any of the other tested alcoholic beverages, which included various distilled spirits, liqueurs and beer of different types …Nov 11, 2022 · The following cut-offs for hEtG were applied: <7 pg/mg: abstainers/rare drinking; 7–30 pg/mg: positive result (>10 g of ethanol per day); >30 pg/mg: positive result (>60 g of ethanol per day). hEtG was negative in all the hair samples collected in the control group, and one patient was positive for urinary EtG. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is an applied state marker of alcohol consumption in clinical and forensic settings today. Due to the slower elimination kinetics compared to ethanol, the detection window of alcohol consumption is significantly improved by EtG urinalysis ( Helander et al., 2009 ).Most lab drug tests have an EtG cutoff at 300-500ug. One beer is roughly 40,000 etg. Your body stops producing EtG 3 hours after your last drink and the half life of EtG is 3 hours. Let’s say you stopped drinking at 9pm and have a test at 4pm (19 hours later) EtG Level: 3am: 20,000 etg 5am: 10,000 etg, 8am: 5000 etg 11am: 2500 etg 2pm: 1250 ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.EtG (Ethyl Glucuronide) is a direct metabolite of ethyl alcohol and has a half-life of two to three days, much longer than ethyl alcohol. EtG has long offered hope for a …

The math of reducing 5000 NG per one drink, in half (divided by 2) related to the time until test, is a good place to start. The half life, is consistently 2-3 hours, on average, using higher values for safety. Number of drinks X 5000. Equals your ETG PEAK LEVEL. Hours until Test (Divided by 3) = How many half Lives.Long Island criminal defense attorney Jason Bassett works diligently to provide clients with skilled legal advice and to defend their best interests. Contact Jason Bassett Criminal Attorney today at (631) 259-6060 to schedule a consultation. ETG Calculator Long Island ETG Calculator - Jason Bassett Criminal Lawyer People who are familiar with ...Since alcohol is the predominant substance of choice in polydrug abusers, monitoring its use, along with urinary drug screening in patients in rehabilitation programs, appeared to be crucial in identifying patients at risk of alcohol disorders leading to impaired quality of life. Ethyl β-D-6-glucuronide, a non-oxidative, non-volatile, stable ...Aug 12, 2006 ... Because alcohol is legal, EtG testing is being performed only within a hidden society of people who aren't supposed to drink at all -- and are ...Most lab drug tests have an EtG cutoff at 300-500ug. One beer is roughly 40,000 etg. Your body stops producing EtG 3 hours after your last drink and the half life of EtG is 3 hours. Let’s say you stopped drinking at 9pm and have a test at 4pm (19 hours later) EtG Level: 3am: 20,000 etg 5am: 10,000 etg, 8am: 5000 etg 11am: 2500 etg 2pm: 1250 ...Since the limit of determination to be reached lies in the low pg-per-mg range, mass spectrometry-coupled methods (usually LC/MS/MS or GC/MS/MS) are used ... During alcohol withdrawal or quit drinking programs, analysis of EtG in urine can be used to detect relapses (39, 40). In the field of liver transplantation, alcohol biomarkers are ...Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of beverage alcohol (ethanol). Its presence in urine may be used to detect recent alcohol consumption, even after ethanol is no longer measurable. The presence of EtG in urine is a definitive indicator that alcohol was ingested. Key Benefits of Using EtG test Include: • Detects recent usage more ...

Since hair on your head grows at an average rate of about half an inch per month, analyzing a segment of hair can give a timeline of alcohol use over several months. ... heavy alcohol consumption leaves behind a clearer, more consistent trail of EtG markers compared to occasional drinking. This ability to sketch a timeline of alcohol use makes ...Zitiert. Hintergrund: Alkoholmarker spielen nicht nur im forensischen Kontext, zum Beispiel bei Sorgerechtsprozessen oder zum Nachweis einer Alkoholabstinenz nach Führerscheinentzug, eine ...When a person drinks an alcoholic beverage, EtG that is detectable in the urine, is formed. Below is an EtG urine dip card that tests for EtG by itself: If you're looking for EtG testing as part of a a broader panel of testing, DrugConfirm offers many configurations to choose from: Generally, urine EtG tests are a better better choice than …In one study, ingestion of 750 milliliters non-alcoholic wine (containing EtG, EtS and up to 0.2 grams of alcohol per liter) did not cause positive EtG, but ...

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Yes, the difference is 1,000. Some of the confusion stems from the fact that the European literature uses mg/L. For example in the European literature .4 mg/L or = .4 ug/ml and in the USA the same amount would be expressed as 4000 ng/ml or 4000 ug/L. ethylglucuronide etg and ethylsulfate ets testing.EtG is used in monitoring abstinence in clinical and justice system settings. However, whereas EtG can be measured at . very low concentrations in vivo, the source of EtG cannot always be determined. Many products used or consumed . daily (e.g., hand sanitizers and mouthwash) contain alcohol. Extraneous exposures, such as these, can …EtG testing is a means to detect exposure to ethanal alcohol. The presence of EtG does not indicate that a person is presently intoxicated, but that they have been exposed to …12oz beer, 1 shot/mixed drink, 1 glass of wine. This is good to calculate ETG for a few drinks, but it’s way off for heavier drinking. I once completely screwed up and had 10 drinks less than 48 hours before I tested, and even one of those was like 30 hours before the test, which makes it worse. I tested at 132ng.

Since hair on your head grows at an average rate of about half an inch per month, analyzing a segment of hair can give a timeline of alcohol use over several months. ... heavy alcohol consumption leaves behind a clearer, more consistent trail of EtG markers compared to occasional drinking. This ability to sketch a timeline of alcohol use makes ...Similarly, in the clinical trials EtG sensitivity was good for detecting any drinking during the last 24 hours at the 2 lowest cutoffs, but under 40% during the last 24 to 48 hours. Sensitivity was reduced at the 500 ng/ml cutoff. Discrepancies between EtG and EtS were few. Comparison of self-reports of abstinence and EtG-confirmed abstinence indicated …The National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA) uses BAC standard drink measurements of: 12-ounce beer. 5-ounce table wine. 1.5-ounce 80-proof liquor. Intoxication levels depend on how quickly ...For a person weighing 150 pounds, for example, one standard drink will increase their blood-alcohol concentration by about 0.02%, but the body can only remove about 0.016% per hour on average. Therefore, even if you consume only one drink per hour, your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) will continue to increase. If you …Passing ETG test 32 hours after drinking. So, I’m not advocating for people to drink on probation, but I know that sometimes it can be hard not to. That sometimes people do, and I want to post this after spending so much time panic researching online before my test. So, Wednesday night I had 3 IPAs that were around 7.5% abv and also 2 vodka ... Yes, the difference is 1,000. Some of the confusion stems from the fact that the European literature uses mg/L. For example in the European literature .4 mg/L or = .4 ug/ml and in the USA the same amount would be expressed as 4000 ng/ml or 4000 ug/L. ethylglucuronide etg and ethylsulfate ets testing. Aims: This study investigated which ethyl glucuronide immunoassay (EtG-I) cutoff best detects heavy versus light drinking over five days in alcohol dependent outpatients. Methods: A total of 121 adults with alcohol use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders took part in an alcohol treatment study. Participants provided self …In spite of the recommendation not to use positive EtG results as a definitive indicator of alcohol consumption, the 2012 SAMSHA Advisory does include the following preliminary guidance on what positive results may indicate. >1,000 ng/mL: – Heavy drinking on the same day or previously (e.g., previous day or two). – Light drinking the same day.ETG production per drink is actually much lower than 50,000 per drink. The reason this number is used is to inflate the calculation. If you pass using this calculation, you would ABSOLUTELY pass on an ETG. I believe it also says to use the half-life of 3 hours in the equation, when realistically it is closer to 2 hours.

Subjects with positive EtG but no past-3-day drinking (n=6) reported greater drinking in the past week (a median of 6.0 drinks in the past week, range 0 to 52.3) than the subjects (n=79) who had a negative EtG and did not drink in the past 3 days (a median of 0 drinks in the past week, range 0 to 58.6, p<0.001). Of note, the only EtG positive ...

The amount of EtG produced from one drink can vary, but on average, it is estimated that the body produces approximately 0.04 to 0.08 grams of EtG per gram of ...No researcher would claim a hard 40,000 per drink number. ETG grows exponentially. The first drink could produce 2,000 and the 10th 130,000. That's a rough estimation used by an alcoholic on quora to guesstimate years ago after drinking handles of vodka in 2 days consistently. You probably weren't producing 30,000 per drink on only your 5th beer.Mar 4, 2015 ... Unfortunately, EtGs are somewhat expensive. If two EtG tests per week is not affordable, then a random UA schedule should be implemented. A 12 ... Low levels of EtG or EtS as a result of drinking large volumes of fluids prior to voiding can be corrected by calculating the EtG or EtS /creatinine ratio (UEtG100). EtG testing can be designed to include the simultaneous measurement of EtS in the sample such that they complement each other thereby unequivocally confirming alcohol intake. EtG calculator says you’ll fail but that thing is super conservative and sort of useless once you start inputting more than like 6 drinks. Let’s say you did 50,000 EtG per drink x 10 drinks is 500,000 which is probably high and you start halving this at midnight Saturday, according to that formula you’ll pass first thing Monday and for ...You're good after 41 hours. 48 hours is for sure safe if you don't sweat and binge-drink water. You will be fine.... You can get DIY etg dipsticks on Amazon for around 20 bucks for 20 or so sticks. I use them all the time and recommend them for your future peace of mind.The ethyl glucuronide (EtG) test is widely used to detect the presence in the urine of ethyl glucuronide. EtG is a breakdown product of ethanol, the intoxicating agent in alcohol. The test can also screen for EtG in the blood, hair, and nails, but the urine test is the most widely used. The main purpose of the EtG test is to document alcohol ...Nov 9, 2021 ... ... drinks, per day for two to three weeks. ... Although EtG/EtS can detect evidence of ... drink. The timeframe in which alcohol use can be detected ...Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of beverage alcohol (ethanol). Its presence in urine may be used to detect recent alcohol consumption, even after ethanol is no longer measurable. The presence of EtG in urine is a definitive indicator that alcohol was ingested. Key Benefits of Using EtG test Include: • Detects recent usage more ... Each beverage portrayed above represents one standard drink (or one alcoholic drink equivalent), defined in the United States as any beverage containing 0.6 fl oz or 14 grams of pure alcohol. The percentage of pure alcohol, expressed here as alcohol by volume (alc/vol), varies within and across beverage types.

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Detox drinks may assist you in passing an ETG alcohol test. It will depend on the last time you drank, how much you drank, and how many detox drinks that you consume. Most of the time, yes. Some ...This year hasn’t been going very well for the Spanish. With a quarter of the population out of work, it’s hard for them to afford costly, memory-killing substances like whisky and ...Urine tests can recognize the presence of metabolites like EtG and EtS, which are generated as a consequence of alcohol metabolism in the body. The detection window for these markers typically ranges from 24-48 hours after consumption but may extend up to 80 hours in some cases. b. Breathalyzers. Breathalyzers, also known as …The amount of EtG produced from one drink can vary, but on average, it is estimated that the body produces approximately 0.04 to 0.08 grams of EtG per gram of ethanol consumed. This means that if you consume one standard drink containing 14 grams of ethanol, your body may produce around 0.56 to 1.12 grams of EtG.Aug 2, 2023 · The EtG calculator primarily uses the following formula: EtG = (0.8 * Amount of Alcohol in Grams) / (Body Weight in Kilograms * r) where r is the gender constant (0.68 for men and 0.55 for women). It estimates the ethanol concentration in the body and calculates the time taken for this concentration to reduce to a level undetectable by standard ... Take T and divide by 3, this will be S. Then do 2 ^ s (2 to the power of s) D is your etg levels as of your last drink, so take D / (2 s), the answer should be a small number that represents your etg levels at test tme. Here is the steps in order. Amount of drinks * 40,000. Time until test / 3. 2^ of your time/3 (^ = to the power of) Take your ...EtG can be detected by our assay system at levels even below 100 ng/ml, but we build in a “margin of safety” so that at 100 ng/ml we are very certain that EtG is present, indicating even small amounts of drinking. However, there have been some reports in the literature, as well as concern raised in legal cases, that other sources of alcohol ...Most lab drug tests have an EtG cutoff at 300-500ug. One beer is roughly 40,000 etg. Your body stops producing EtG 3 hours after your last drink and the half life of EtG is 3 hours. Let’s say you stopped drinking at 9pm and have a test at 4pm (19 hours later) EtG Level: 3am: 20,000 etg 5am: 10,000 etg, 8am: 5000 etg 11am: 2500 etg 2pm: 1250 ...Aug 22, 2022 · For EtG and EtS, in view of their longer detection window, we investigated the concentrations of analytes in blood up to 120 h after drinking, and it was the first time that pharmacokinetics of ... FAA regulations say passengers can't drink alcohol that they bring onboard themselves. There's one potential loophole, though. It's July Fourth weekend, and Americans are ready to ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Despite EtG values being slightly lower when measured by enzyme immunoassay, a good correlation was found between enzyme immunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (r 2 0.996 in clinical samples and 0.956 in post-mortem samples), with a strong correlation between EtG and EtS (r 2 … ….

It’s Sober October which means that a lot of people, for one reason or another, are taking a month-long hiatus from booze. Though I enjoy adult beverages, there is real value in ta...Opinions seem to vary on the EtG per drink (and remember that something like a 12-ounce 8% beer is like 1.5 standard drinks, not one). By even the most conservative estimate of 50,000 EtG per drink it would be damn near impossible mathematically to need 80 hours to pass a test. The “80 hour” basis was a test of subjects in recovery and the ...2k Views. One source I found said that EtG levels can be as high as 15000 ng/ml after 3 standard drinks. So I am assuming one drink = 5000 ng/ml at peak. Alcohol needs to metabolize before EtG begins to produce, so no matter what you gotta count 1.5 hours per drink before you start estimating peak time. I have read anywhere from 3 hours to 9 ...The following cut-offs for hEtG were applied: <7 pg/mg: abstainers/rare drinking; 7–30 pg/mg: positive result (>10 g of ethanol per day); >30 pg/mg: positive result (>60 g of ethanol per day). hEtG was negative in all the hair samples collected in the control group, and one patient was positive for urinary EtG.Subjects with positive EtG but no past-3-day drinking (n=6) reported greater drinking in the past week (a median of 6.0 drinks in the past week, range 0 to 52.3) than the subjects (n=79) who had a negative EtG and did not drink in the past 3 days (a median of 0 drinks in the past week, range 0 to 58.6, p<0.001). Of note, the only EtG positive subject …Can the hair alcohol test determine the exact amount of alcohol drinks in a particular period of time?Jun 15, 2013 · Two primary factors to determine the window of detection is based on volume of alcohol consumed and the time between each drink. A person that consumes 3 drinks can only have a detectable level of EtG for approximately 20 to 24 hours and peaks at approximately 9 hours with an EtG level around 15,000 ng/mL. Aug 22, 2022 · For EtG and EtS, in view of their longer detection window, we investigated the concentrations of analytes in blood up to 120 h after drinking, and it was the first time that pharmacokinetics of ... Dec 1, 2015 · For each of the five assessment periods (i.e., 1 day to 5 days) the number and percent of light and heavy drinking detected by each EtG-I cutoff was calculated. The rate of positive EtG-I samples when no alcohol use was reported in the last 5 days was calculated. Etg per drink, Any drinking the night before should be detectable the following morning with EtG cutoffs of 100 or 200 ng/ml. Twenty-four hours after drinking, sensitivity is poor for light drinking, but good for heavier consumption. At 48 hours, sensitivity is low following 6 drinks or less. Increasing the cutoff …, For a person weighing 150 pounds, for example, one standard drink will increase their blood-alcohol concentration by about 0.02%, but the body can only remove about 0.016% per hour on average. Therefore, even if you consume only one drink per hour, your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) will continue to increase. If you …, No, drug testing labs cannot detect detox drinks. Using these products is no different than using any other beverage. They do not contain adulterants, do not leave traces in the urine, and there is no specific test to detect the use of a detox drink. The lab can only say if a sample was diluted, but if you follow instructions and do everything ..., The Formula of ETG Elimination Calculator. To calculate the elimination time of ETG, you can use the following straightforward formula: Time (in hours) = 0.693 × (ETG Half-life) This formula helps you determine the approximate time required for your body to eliminate ETG fully. The ETG half-life is a crucial parameter for this calculation, as ..., Jan 17, 2020 · EtG is a phase 2 metabolite of alcohol that can be detected in urine, whole blood, serum, and hair (Foti and Fisher, 2005, Kissack et al., 2008, Wurst et al., 2015). EtG can be detected in urine for up to 80 h after ethanol consumption depending on the amount of alcohol consumed (Kissack et al., 2008, Wurst et al., 2015). Few studies have ... , We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., 2k Views. One source I found said that EtG levels can be as high as 15000 ng/ml after 3 standard drinks. So I am assuming one drink = 5000 ng/ml at peak. Alcohol needs to metabolize before EtG begins to produce, so no matter what you gotta count 1.5 hours per drink before you start estimating peak time. I have read anywhere from 3 hours to 9 ..., Yes, the difference is 1,000. Some of the confusion stems from the fact that the European literature uses mg/L. For example in the European literature .4 mg/L or = .4 ug/ml and in the USA the same amount would be expressed as 4000 ng/ml or 4000 ug/L. ethylglucuronide etg and ethylsulfate ets testing. , Jun 5, 2023 ... Your liver processes alcohol at the rate of one drink per ... The EtG urine test is essential when ... EtG remains detectable in urine for ..., Dec 1, 2015 · For each of the five assessment periods (i.e., 1 day to 5 days) the number and percent of light and heavy drinking detected by each EtG-I cutoff was calculated. The rate of positive EtG-I samples when no alcohol use was reported in the last 5 days was calculated. , 2k Views. One source I found said that EtG levels can be as high as 15000 ng/ml after 3 standard drinks. So I am assuming one drink = 5000 ng/ml at peak. Alcohol needs to metabolize before EtG begins to produce, so no matter what you gotta count 1.5 hours per drink before you start estimating peak time. I have read anywhere from 3 hours to 9 ... , When reinforcers were contingent on EtG negative results, 8% of the time participants submitted an EtG positive (>100 ng/mL) urine sample they denied drinking during the previous 120 hours. When reinforces were not-contingent on EtG test results, 5% of the time participants who submitted an EtG positive (100 ng/mL) urine sample denied drinking ..., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., EtG (Ethyl Glucuronide) is a direct metabolite of ethyl alcohol and has a half-life of two to three days, much longer than ethyl alcohol. EtG has long offered hope for a …, Advanced BAC Calculator. Drunk Calc uses a sophisticated algorithm to accurately estimateyour blood alcohol level. Our BAC calculator takes importantpieces of information such as your height, weight, biological sex,hunger level, how many drinks you've consumed, and how long you'vebeen drinking, to predict your current blood alcohol level., EtG testing is detecting a bio-marker that is a byproduct of the liver produced after the body has metabolized alcohol. EtG testing cannot determine how much or when a person consumed alcohol, only that alcohol was consumed. EtG is usually tested within three different thresholds: 100/200/500 ng/mL. The most commonly used test by probation ..., Then you take 2 to the power of your time / 3. Here is the steps in order. Amount of drinks * 40,000 Time until test / 3 2^ of your time/3 (^ = to the power of) Take your starting etg level and divide by previous result. So for me I drank 6 drinks and have roughly 40 hours until my test, 240,000 starting etg. after running all the calculations ..., Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) urine test: EtG is an alcohol metabolite. Although EtG tests usually have a detection window of about 24 to 72 hours, the metabolite may be …, ETG TESTING 24 hours. Used this resource a bunch to calm myself recently so I figured I’d contribute. I had to get 2 6panel test with etg a month. This wasn’t part of probation but was a legal matter. The two test had always been at least a week apart. This was done thru a company that didn’t know when the account would close either., A positive interpretation will be given if either the ethyl glucuronide (EtG) result is greater than or equal to 250 ng/mL and/or the ethyl sulfate (EtS) is greater than or equal to 100 ng/mL. A "high" positive (ie, >1000 ng/mL) may indicate:-Heavy drinking on the same day or previously (ie, previous day or 2).-Light drinking the same day , The highest ive seen is 40,000ng/ml. It is generally accepted that it takes 2.2 to 3 hours for the half lofe of etg. Going off of 3 hours for halflife and 40000 etg per drink, you could drink an entire fifth of 40% alcohol, and be clean in 33 hours or so if your kidneys/liver are not failing., Long Island criminal defense attorney Jason Bassett works diligently to provide clients with skilled legal advice and to defend their best interests. Contact Jason Bassett Criminal Attorney today at (631) 259-6060 to schedule a consultation. ETG Calculator Long Island ETG Calculator - Jason Bassett Criminal Lawyer People who are familiar with ..., When a person drinks an alcoholic beverage, EtG that is detectable in the urine, is formed. Below is an EtG urine dip card that tests for EtG by itself: If you're looking for EtG testing as part of a a broader panel of testing, DrugConfirm offers many configurations to choose from: Generally, urine EtG tests are a better better choice than …, We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. , The Formula of ETG Elimination Calculator. To calculate the elimination time of ETG, you can use the following straightforward formula: Time (in hours) = 0.693 × (ETG Half-life) This formula helps you determine the approximate time required for your body to eliminate ETG fully. The ETG half-life is a crucial parameter for this calculation, as ..., I passed in 30 hours after 6 drinks. I bought the etg tests from amazon and tested myself after i drank and always cleared about 5 hours per drink. I also passed in 14 hours after 4 drinks but was stressed the whole time and drank a ton of water. I've passed i 58 hours, thats the closest I've pushed it. Agree the 80 hrs is a big myth., Yes, the difference is 1,000. Some of the confusion stems from the fact that the European literature uses mg/L. For example in the European literature .4 mg/L or = .4 ug/ml and in the USA the same amount would be expressed as 4000 ng/ml or 4000 ug/L. ethylglucuronide etg and ethylsulfate ets testing., EtG is a very sensitive biomarker of alcohol consumption. The concurrent presence of EtS in the sample adds value to EtG confirmation. However, like the initial concerns for the cutoff for the opiate morphine or Δ-9THC …, We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. , Your ETG's then, will peak around 9PM. Peak number can range, and EtG per drink also fall under a fairly wide range, but IMHO it should be safe to assume 15,000 ETG per drink - so that's 180,000. Every three hours (at the most) your ETG count will be cut in half. So let's walk through this (some calculations are approximate): 9PM Friday 180,000, Yes, the difference is 1,000. Some of the confusion stems from the fact that the European literature uses mg/L. For example in the European literature .4 mg/L or = .4 ug/ml and in the USA the same amount would be expressed as 4000 ng/ml or 4000 ug/L. ethylglucuronide etg and ethylsulfate ets testing. , In spite of the recommendation not to use positive EtG results as a definitive indicator of alcohol consumption, the 2012 SAMSHA Advisory does include the following preliminary guidance on what positive results may indicate. >1,000 ng/mL: – Heavy drinking on the same day or previously (e.g., previous day or two). – Light drinking the same day., The current study used the relationship between concentration ratios of EtG to EtS in blood and time to estimate the time of last drinking, and the errors between …