Haplogroup e1b1b1

For people tested with paternal haplogroup (Y-DNA haplogroup) E1b1b1c1* (E-M34) or for people believed to have had this haplogroup based on tests of paternal descendants. Defining Mutations. M34; Origin ... E1b1b1 - E-M35. E1b1b1a2 - E-V13; E1b1b1c1 - E-M34; Famous Members. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French;

To view haplogroup descriptions and migration paths of all major Y-DNA haplogroups: In the upper-left corner of the Y-DNA Migrations map, click on the All Migration Maps tab. Click through the haplogroup alphabet located at the bottom of the map to see a brief description of that haplogroup and to view that haplogroup’s route on the map. E1b1b1 - E-M35. E1b1b1a2 - E-V13; E1b1b1c1 - E-M34; Famous Members. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French; William Harvey (1578-1657, English physician; How to Participate. To participate in this project, join or follow the project, then add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ...I HAVE NOTICED THAT, East African Somalis and Ethiopians are all carriers of an old subclade of E1B1B and they carry some European haplogroups. Berbers from coastal North Africa are also heavy E1B1B e-m81 carriers(a newer subclade) and all their maternal haplogroups are European/Eurasian And E1B1B v-13, heavy in the …Similarly, the E1b1b1-M35 clade (5.5%, 4.2%, 7.8% and 2.9% in Ararat Valley, Gardman, Lake Van and Sasun, respectively) in the four Armenian populations consists almost entirely of haplogroup ...Haplogroup E1b1b1. Safin 151262. Paternal Ancestor: Safa, lived in Endovischi, KrasnooktyabrskyDistrict, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia. Phylogenetic information: subclade E1b1b1-M35 (predicted),closed with E1b1b1* and E1b1b1c1-M34. Ethnic: tatar (from Nizhny Novgorod Region). Religionof ancestors: Islam. Haplogroup E1b1b1a2. …

Haplogroup E-M293 has been previously hypothesized to mark a recent gene flow (about 2 ka) through Tanzania to southern Africa, as a consequence of a migration of non-Bantu speaker pastoralists (Henn et al. 2008). Our data on the distribution and phylogeny of the E-V1515 haplogroup support and extend this hypothesis. We …In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the …Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe. It is a …Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2018. The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 30 March 2018. Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ... E-M215 or E1b1b, formely known as E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at moderate frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia . Origins. Aug 15, 2012 · Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ...

In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). [2]Family Tree DNA's haplogroup description of R2: Haplogroup R2 originated in South Asia and is generally found in Central Asia, Turkey, Pakistan, and India. Wikipedia's Haplogroup R2 R2 SCIENTIFIC STUDIES DATA Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions …Jul 17, 2011 · not arise simultan eously. Introduction. There are seven Jewish clusters in haplogroup. E1b1b1 — two large, E1b1b1c1*-D1 a nd. E1b1b1c1a*-B (include a total of over 60% of the. Jews of ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition; 1 in 18,000 born with Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition in UK. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symp...Oct 7, 2016 · Haplogroup O2a2a. - Taejo of Goryeo, founder of the Goryeo Dynasty, which ruled Korea from the 10th to the 14th century. - Hattori Hanzō, the famous samurai. Haplogroup O2a2b. - Qin Shi Huangdi, first emperor of China. - Taejo of Joseon, founder and the first king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea.

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Haplogroup E-M78 is distributed over a wide area stretching from eastern (21.5%) and northern (18.5%) Africa to the Near East (5.8%) and Europe (7.2%), where it represents the most common E1b1b subhaplogroup . However, many of the newly described subhaplogroups of E-M78 have a much more limited geographical distribution.This is the worldwide project for haplogroup E1b1b1 (former E3b) and all its subclades. If your Y-DNA haplogroup has been confirmed or predicted as E1b1b1 (formerly known as E3b) or any of its subclades, you are cordially invited to join us in our quest to understand the bigger picture of our ancient Y-DNA lineage.If you’re interested in buying a certificate of deposit that earns interest for you and also benefits veterans in need of financial help they can’t get from the Veteran’s Administr...The E1b1b1b-M81. haplogroup was most frequently observed among 295 men Berber-speaking. originating from Morocco, its frequency was 79.1% among Northern men, 89.8%. among men from Center and 98.5% ...A-F) Haplogroup-frequency contour maps of the Mediterranean region The haplogroup percentages used for the contour map are shown in Table 1 . Each panel shows a different haplogroup: J1 (A) , J2 (B) , R1b (or R1(xR1a1)-as indicated in Table 1 ) (D) , …

Dec 14, 2021 · Seventeen males (including two pairs of relatives with a shared patriline) belong to haplogroups on the E1b1b1 (E-M215) branch that likely originated in northeast Africa ~25 kya 72 and is commonly ... A large majority of the Berber-speaking male lineages belonged to the Y-chromosomal E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup. The frequency ranged from 79.1% to 98.5% in all localities sampled. E1b1b1b2-M183 was the most dominant subclade in our samples, ranging from 65.1% to 83.1%. In contrast, the E1b1b1b1-M107 and E1b1b1b2a-M165 …Jan 6, 2011 · The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises the question of what other surprising and unique populations may exist in other oases and unsampled regions.The first tested in haplogroup E1b1b1. His pedigree traces back to Kent in a line very close to that of G. Marion Norwood Callam, who authored Norwoods I,II, III. Another descendant in this line tested R1b1b2, so these results were unexpected. The second participant from England tested in haplogroup I2a, a haplogroup that has its epicenter in ...The E-CTS5856 Story. E-CTS5856 's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor E-CTS8814 and the rest of mankind around 2950 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2400 BCE. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as E-Z16663 and E-BY4877.And Portugal is the area most affected (after the already commented NW) by relatively high presence of haplogroup E1b1b1, in both the Greek and North African versions, within Iberia.I would not say so. I would say both the Balkan version (E-M78 = E1b1b1a) is not common there. The North Afican E-M81, and the Levantine E-M123 are …Dec 19, 2013 · Dec 19, 2013. #6. TheKingIam said: I HAVE NOTICED THAT, East African Somalis and Ethiopians are all carriers of an old subclade of E1B1B and they carry some European haplogroups. Berbers from coastal North Africa are also heavy E1B1B e-m81 carriers ( a newer subclade) and all their maternal haplogroups are European/Eurasian. May 27, 2017 · E1b1b is the Y-DNA haplogroup of Edom. We now know that the founding fathers of both the Greek and Roman empires were Edomites. Under the rule of the princes of Edom, Greece and Rome conquered the Japhetic nations. Both bloodlines now co-exist as one people. Haplogroup E1b1b1 was found in two individuals (one Anteony and one Ampanabaka). This haplogroup is generally attributed to eastern Africa and it is also found at moderate frequencies in North Africa and the Middle East. Haplogroup E2b was present in an Ampanabaka individual and was present at 7% in the Antalaotra.A-F) Haplogroup-frequency contour maps of the Mediterranean region The haplogroup percentages used for the contour map are shown in Table 1 . Each panel shows a different haplogroup: J1 (A) , J2 (B) , R1b (or R1(xR1a1)-as indicated in Table 1 ) (D) , …

E1b1b1 = M35 is thought to have arisen 25,000 years ago., known currently as E1b1b1c1, originated in Anatolia. From there it spread West into Europe and South into the Middle East and Africa. ... mtDNA Haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia ~30,000 years ago and then arrived in Europe ~20-25,000 years ago, spreading rapidly to the southwest ...

Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades.Jan 6, 2011 · Haplogroup E1b1, defined by the marker P2, is the most represented human Y chromosome haplogroup in Africa. A phylogenetic tree showing the internal structure of this haplogroup was published in 2008. Online advertising is about to change. Online advertising is a fickle thing. It accounts for 20% of the ad industry’s total spending, and over 90% of revenue for the internet giant...Jun 2, 2014 · mtDNA haplogroup. K1a9. Jun 3, 2014. #8. So it according to ISOGG 2014 Y-DNA the clusters of E1b1b1 (the haplogroup I belong to) are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. This brings up a question, if the clusters (or subclades, correct me if I'm wrong) of E1b1b1 are most common to ... E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, [4] is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises the question of what other surprising and unique populations may exist in other oases and unsampled regions.In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). [2]It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b.

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Specifically, a Belgian scientist and a Belgian journalist tested the saliva of 39 of the Führer’s relatives and found one chromosome—Haplogroup E1b1b1, since you ask—which is traceable ...The study identified the deep ancient origins of Brahmins by tracing their Y-chromosome haplogroups and genetic markers on the Y-DNA phylogenetic tree. It was confirmed that the progenitors of this group emerged from at least 12 different geographic regions of the world. The study concluded that about 83% of the Brahmins in the dataset belonged ...major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency ...major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency ...The GDF6 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, which is a group of proteins that help control the ...Toilet paper and tissue can't be that different right? They're both used on sensitive areas of the body. HowStuffWorks unrolls the issue. Advertisement Your nose is running, so you...Need a container shipping company in San Francisco? Read reviews & compare projects by leading shipping companies. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Deve... FamilyTreeDNA - Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project. The major branch points on our shared paternal lineage trace back through genealogy, history, antiquity, and ancient anthropology to reach our early hominid ancestors who lived in Africa. Recent (terminal) branches may be as recent as ten generations old or several thousand years. ….

It uses the classic format. The columns display each project member's kit number, paternal ancestry information according to project settings, the paternal tree branch (haplogroup), and actual STR marker results. The color coding of STR marker names is explained here. In the haplogroups column, haplogroups in green are confirmed by SNP …Haplogroup E-V38, also known as E1b1a-V38, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.E-V38 is primarily distributed in Africa.E-V38 has two basal branches, E-M329 and E-M2. E-M329 is a subclade mostly found in East Africa. E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of African Great …In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E1b1b (E-M215) previously known as E3b (or “haplotype V” [4]) is one of the major paternal lines of humanity, linking from father-to-son back to a common male ancestor. E1b1b1c (E-M123), formerly E3b1c or E3b3, is mostly known for its major sub-clade E1b1b1c1 (E-M34), which dominates this clade.The E Y-haplogroup has always been associated with Africa, but in Europe there is one ancient branch E-BY3880 (V13), which expanded out of Greece and the Balkans. ... Africa (Z958) and Europe (M2, mostly V38). Figure A1. Phylogenetic tree of E1b1b1 (M35) Source: Eupedia The prolific haplogroup M35 (E1b1b1] is the progenitor of V13 in Europe and ...Specifically, a Belgian scientist and a Belgian journalist tested the saliva of 39 of the Führer’s relatives and found one chromosome—Haplogroup E1b1b1, since you ask—which is traceable ...We observe highly similar haplogroup profiles between the three ancient groups (Fig. 3a), supported by low FST values (<0.05) and P values >0.1 for the continuity test. Modern Egyptians share this profile but in addition show a marked increase of African mtDNA lineages L0–L4 up to 20% (consistent with nuclear estimates of 80% non-African ...the biological side. This correlation is claimed to involve the Haplogroup E1B1B or rather a. subclade thereof, E1B1B1. There is one amusing point that I can't resist. mentioning. We are talking about Y-DNA which is, obviously, passed along on. the father's side. "Jewishness" at least in the religious sense is.Aug 15, 2012 · Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, [4] is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common … Haplogroup e1b1b1, Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. Many victims of Hitler's Holocaust, like Anne Frank, were Ashkenazi., A Louisiana native and owner of the classic Cajun restaurant Mosquito Supper Club, Melissa Martin takes us deep into some of the richest culinary heritage in the country. Her New O..., In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome ... Haplogroup E1b1b (M215) Haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) Found in Horn of Africa, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe ..., PMCID: PMC3573200. PMID: 22892526. The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome …, E1b1b1 HAPLOGROUP - 01 JAMES #454088 William E. James b 1815 GA d 1871 (Tallapoosa, AL) 1850 oling Monroe Co, GA Charles Wesley James b 1856 (Tallapoosa/Macon, AL) d 1924 (Lee, AL) Edmund Hulin James b 1892 (Lee, AL) d 1947 (Lee, AL) JAMES #252503 Abner James 1803 to 1870 JAMES #79014, Abstract and Figures. The existence of common SNP mutations for a number of clusters, subclades and unclassified members of hap-logroup E1b1b1 was suggested. TMRCA of common branches for several ..., Haplogroup E1b1b1, mainly in the form of its E1b1b1a2 (E-V13) sub-clade, reaches frequencies above 47% around the area of Kosovo. This clade is thought to have arrived in Europe from western Asia either in the later Mesolithic, [51] or the Neolithic. [81] , Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. Many victims of Hitler's Holocaust, like Anne Frank, were Ashkenazi., E1b1b1 = M35 is thought to have arisen 25,000 years ago., known currently as E1b1b1c1, originated in Anatolia. From there it spread West into Europe and South into the Middle East and Africa. ... mtDNA Haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia ~30,000 years ago and then arrived in Europe ~20-25,000 years ago, spreading rapidly to the southwest ..., Jan 6, 2011 · The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. , Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades., The human Y-chromosome haplogroup E-V12 is a subclade of E-M78, which in turn is part of the larger haplogroup E1b1b1. [3] According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the E-V12 sublineage likely originated in Northern Africa. It has two main branches: E-V32 which is most common in the Horn of Africa, and E-CTS693 (previously known as E-V12*) which is ... , Your laundry room is one of your home’s most functional spaces. Today’s Homeowner has the resources you need to tackle maintenance and maximize your laundry area. Expert Advice On ..., 057559/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom. We have characterized the Y chromosome carried by President Thomas Jefferson, the general rarity of which supported the idea that he, or a patrilineal relative, fathered the last son of his slave Sally Hemings. It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes …. , In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of ..., 33 percent of men who live in the town of Abergele in North Wales have the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b1, probably from migrations from the Balkans. The sample size was 18. "'Extraordinary' genetic make-up of north east Wales men." BBC News (July 19, 2011). Dr. Andy Grierson of the University of Sheffield comments on the finding of E1b1b1 in a large ..., Haplogroup E-M2, also known as E1b1a1-M2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.E-M2 is primarily distributed within Africa followed by West Asia. More specifically, E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of the African Great Lakes; it also occurs at moderate frequencies in North Africa, and the Middle East. , The main haplogroups detected in the five ethnic groups analyzed are shown in Figure 2, and allele frequencies are summarized in Supplementary Table 1s.Ten paternal lineages were observed: E1b1b1 ..., Apr 11, 2024 · Albert Einstein (born 1879-died 1955), Jewish physicist. According to the genetic test results of the descendants of Einstein's great-grandfather, Naphtali Hirsch Einstein, Einstein belongs to the haplogroup E-Z830. Approximately 20% of German Jews belong to E1b1b. Stephen Arthur Pink (1954-), Canadian-American cognitive scientist and popular ... , A Louisiana native and owner of the classic Cajun restaurant Mosquito Supper Club, Melissa Martin takes us deep into some of the richest culinary heritage in the country. Her New O..., Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. ... E-M35, also known as E1b1b1-M35, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M35 has two basal branches, E-V68 and E-Z827. E-V68 and E-Z827 are …, It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes worldwide, and most common in East Africa and the Middle East. Phylogenetic network analysis of its Y-STR (short tandem repeat) haplotype shows that it is most closely related to an Egyptian K2 haplotype, but the presence of scattered and …, The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …, Other haplogroup shared by eastern Asians and Mainland southeastern Asians is F2. This haplogroup has a slightly higher frequency in China (1.9–3.3%) and Thailand (2.4–5.4%) , compared to the Laos (0.5%) , Taiwan (0.5%) , Vietnam (0.7%) and Formosa (0.1%) . It should be noted that the majority of F2 HVS1 haplotypes revealed so …, May 27, 2017 · E1b1b is the Y-DNA haplogroup of Edom. We now know that the founding fathers of both the Greek and Roman empires were Edomites. Under the rule of the princes of Edom, Greece and Rome conquered the Japhetic nations. Both bloodlines now co-exist as one people. , A-F) Haplogroup-frequency contour maps of the Mediterranean region The haplogroup percentages used for the contour map are shown in Table 1 . Each panel shows a different haplogroup: J1 (A) , J2 (B) , R1b (or R1(xR1a1)-as indicated in Table 1 ) (D) , …, Most Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in Africa, however, is present within macrohaplogroup E that seem to have appeared 21 000–32 000 YBP somewhere between the Red Sea and Lake Chad. The combined analysis of 17 bi-allelic markers in 1214 Y chromosomes together with cultural background of 49 populations displayed in …, Aug 15, 2012 · Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ... , Seventeen males (including two pairs of relatives with a shared patriline) belong to haplogroups on the E1b1b1 (E-M215) branch that likely originated in northeast Africa ~25 kya 72 and is commonly ..., E1b1b1 HAPLOGROUP - 01 JAMES #454088 William E. James b 1815 GA d 1871 (Tallapoosa, AL) 1850 oling Monroe Co, GA Charles Wesley James b 1856 (Tallapoosa/Macon, AL) d 1924 (Lee, AL) Edmund Hulin James b 1892 (Lee, AL) d 1947 (Lee, AL) JAMES #252503 Abner James 1803 to 1870 JAMES #79014, Jul 28, 2011 · Abstract and Figures. The existence of common SNP mutations for a number of clusters, subclades and unclassified members of hap-logroup E1b1b1 was suggested. TMRCA of common branches for several ... , You had cosmetic breast surgery to change the size or shape of your breasts. You may have had a breast lift, breast reduction, or breast augmentation. You had cosmetic breast surge..., This is the worldwide project for haplogroup E1b1b1 (former E3b) and all its subclades. If your Y-DNA haplogroup has been confirmed or predicted as E1b1b1 (formerly known as E3b) or any of its subclades, you are cordially invited to join us in our quest to understand the bigger picture of our ancient Y-DNA lineage.