Pneumothorax nursing diagnosis

Acute scenarios typically begin with a brief handover from a member of the nursing staff including the ... A tension pneumothorax is a clinical diagnosis. Treat for a tension pneumothorax immediately, without waiting for a chest X-ray, if you find clinical signs of pneumothorax (see above) in addition to:

If your child seems to have issues with learning, especially when it comes to activities involving reading, they may have a condition called dyslexia. If you have dyslexia, doing s...Gas in the pleural space is termed pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can be a life-threatening condition that needs prompt attention. The management strategies of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP; presents in the absence of an external factor/underlying cause) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP; presents as …455–462. Published: February 2021. Split View. Annotate. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract. A pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space. It can be spontaneous, …Nursing Diagnosis. Impaired Gas Exchange and appropriate NANDA nursing diagnosis for atelectasis. Causes. Atelectasis is one of three types: compressive, due to lung tissue compression, resorptive, caused by absorption of alveolar air, or related to an impairment of pulmonary surfactant production or function.] It is categorized as either ... This quiz will test your nursing knowledge about pneumothorax in preparation for the NCLEX exam. 1. A patient is admitted with a chest wound and experiencing extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. The chest wound is located on the left mid-axillary area of the chest. On assessment, you note there is unequal rise and fall of the chest with ... Pneumothorax (PTX) is defined as air in the pleural space and is classified as spontaneous or nonspontaneous (traumatic). Traumatic PTX is a common pathology identified in the emergency department. Traditional management calls for chest x-ray (CXR) diagnosis and large-bore tube thoracostomy, although recent literature supports the …Barotrauma is damage to body tissue secondary to pressure difference in enclosed cavities within the body. Barotrauma is commonly observed in scuba divers, free-divers, or even in airplane passengers during ascent and descent. The most common organs affected by barotrauma are the middle ear (otic barotrauma), sinuses (sinus barotrauma), and the lungs (pulmonary barotrauma). This article will ...

The absence of respiratory sounds, presence of subcutaneous emphysema and desaturation in mechanical ventilation are close to 100% in the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax. 108 In addition, imaging methods take an important place. CT is the most effective method in the diagnosis of pneumothorax. 75 CXR also occupies an …Find the best online master's in nursing administration online with our list of top-rated schools that offer accredited online programs. Updated June 2, 2023 • 0 min read thebestsc...Treatment. |. A pneumothorax is partial or complete collapse of the lung due to the presence of air between the two layers of pleura (thin, transparent, two-layered membrane that covers the lungs and also lines the inside of the chest wall). Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chest pain. Diagnosis is by chest x-ray or ultrasonography.Open pneumothorax is a pneumothorax involving an unsealed opening in the chest wall; when the opening is sufficiently large, respiratory mechanics are impaired. (See also Overview of Thoracic Trauma.) Spontaneous pneumothorax is discussed elsewhere. Some patients with traumatic pneumothorax have an unsealed opening in the chest wall.Pathophysiology: Pneumothorax- A trauma occurs to the pleural space and air accumulates within the space. This puts positive pressure in a space that is normally filled with negative pressure. The air within the space compresses and collapses the lung. Hemothorax- B Blood collects in the pleural cavity (the space between the chest wall and the […]Pleural Effusion Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan. May 4, 2023May 3, 2023 by Anna Curran. RN, BSN, PHN. Last updated on May 4th, 2023 at 02:50 pm. An unusual increase in the fluid in the pleural space will result to a condition called pleural effusion. Pleural effusion, if left untreated, will hinder with normal respiration and thus, could be life ...Abstract. Pneumothorax, or air in the pleural space, is common in trauma, and has been found in up to 50% of severe polytrauma patients with chest injury. Findings associated with pneumothorax include dyspnea, chest pain, tachypnea, and absent breath sounds on lung auscultation. Although pneumothorax is traditionally diagnosed on plain film and ...

Signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax include: Chest pain on one side, especially when taking breaths. Cough. Fast breathing. Fast heart rate. Fatigue. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Bluish skin, lips or nails (cyanosis). If you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, go to the nearest emergency room. A full assessment of anatomy, symptoms, pharmacological management, and social or family history should be taken into consideration when developing a care plan for pneumothorax. Nursing Diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis for a patient with Pneumothorax involve providing treatments to reduce the existing symptoms and preventing future occurrences. Gas in the pleural space is termed pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can be a life-threatening condition that needs prompt attention. The management strategies of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP; presents in the absence of an external factor/underlying cause) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP; presents as …Pneumothorax is air collection in the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse from positive pleural pressure. Tension pneumothorax occurs when pleural pressure is transmitted to the mediastinum (see Image. Left-Sided Tension Pneumothorax Radiograph). This uncommon condition has a malignant course and might result in death if left untreated.[1][2] Tension pneumothorax may arise in the ...Case Study Nursing Diagnosis of Pneumothorax - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Nursing Diagnosis of Pneumothorax: Acute Pain r/t trauma, Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t tracheobronchial obstruction, Impaired Gas Exchange r/t altered oxygen supplyDiagnosis and management – Diagnosis is easiest in left-sided injuries when the bowel enters the thoracic cavity. If the CT imaging is inconclusive, diagnostic laparoscopy or thoracoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. ... Chan KK, Joo DA, McRae AD, et al. Chest ultrasonography versus supine chest radiography for diagnosis of …

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This quiz will test your nursing knowledge about pneumothorax in preparation for the NCLEX exam. 1. A patient is admitted with a chest wound and experiencing extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. The chest wound is located on the left mid-axillary area of the chest. On assessment, you note there is unequal rise and fall of the chest with ... Tension pneumothorax diagnosis and management require a high level of cooperation among interprofessional healthcare team members. The following providers comprise this team: ... Nursing staff: Different nurses may be assigned to perform intravenous catheterization, initiate cardiac monitoring, and prepare the emergency cart …The nurse caring for the patient with a suspected or confirmed pneumothorax or hemothorax should: * auscultate the lungs. * obtain vital signs and oxygen saturation. * monitor for signs and symptoms of difficulty breathing. * monitor for asymmetrical lung expansion. * percuss over the lungs. * assess for wounds.Risk Management. Pneumothorax Definition/Etiology: An accumulation of air in the pleural space. This can be caused spontaneously, or from an injury. Whether open or closed, the patient is going to be experiencing some type of pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea. One of the gold signs of a pneumothorax is decreased or absent lung sounds on the ...

Abstract. Pneumothorax is defined as the abnormal presence of air within the pleural space (cavity) that results in the partial or complete collapse of a lung. It can occur spontaneously or due to a traumatic event. Symptoms can vary from a nondescriptive complaint of shortness of breath or chest pain to complete cardiopulmonary collapse. In the world of healthcare, accurate and efficient diagnosis coding plays a crucial role in ensuring proper billing, reimbursement, and patient care. Accurate diagnosis coding is c... In the previous review, I covered other respiratory disorders.So, if you are studying for NCLEX or your nursing lecture exams be sure to check out that section. When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. The Nursing Process. Since patients to pneumothorax mostly exhibit ventilator rescue, the patient’s hemodynamic stability should be considered the the management of the set. If the patients is stable and only has minimal airflow either fluid accumulation in of pleural space, nope handling may be necessary as the condition will resolve ...Pneumothorax. General. DRG Category: 199. Mean LOS: 6.7 days. Description MEDICAL Pneumothorax With Major Complication or Comorbidity. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. In the following section, we will cover subjective and objective data related to decreased cardiac output. 1. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure.Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion, muscular or skeletal impairment, inflammation and/or pain secondary to pneumothorax, as possibly evidenced by difficulty of breathing, irregular or abnormal respiratory rate, or use of accessory muscles for breathing.A pleural effusion, ie, an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, indicates an imbalance between pleural fluid formation and removal. Accumulation of pleural fluid is not a specific disease, but rather a reflection of underlying pathology. Pleural effusions accompany a wide variety of disorders of the lung, pleura, and systemic ...In patients who present with sudden onset of sharp pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath, spontaneous pneumothorax should always be on a differential diagnosis list. [3] The diagnosis is often …Nursing diagnoses for tension pneumothorax guide the development of a focused care plan to address the immediate life-threatening nature of this condition. Rapid intervention, collaboration with the healthcare team, and ongoing assessment are paramount to optimizing outcomes for individuals experiencing tension pneumothorax.

Literature review current through: Feb 2024. This topic last updated: Sep 20, 2023. INTRODUCTION. Gas in the pleural space is termed a pneumothorax. Appropriate treatment of pneumothorax is dictated by the clinical assessment of symptoms, size, and etiology.

Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a patient safety indicator (PSI) condition. It is a traumatic pneumothorax secondary to an invasive procedure or surgery. The most common cause is the placement of a subclavian central venous line (CVL). Other causes include pulmonary needle biopsy (transthoracic and transbronchial), nasogastric tube …May 21, 2021 ... Diagnosis. A pneumothorax is generally diagnosed using a chest X-ray. In some cases, a computerized tomography (CT) scan may be needed to ...Every nurse knows the importance of oxygenation and ventilation. It's taught in nursing school and reinforced in practice. A variety of conditions can impair a patient's ability to …Barotrauma is damage to body tissue secondary to pressure difference in enclosed cavities within the body. Barotrauma is commonly observed in scuba divers, free-divers, or even in airplane passengers during ascent and descent. The most common organs affected by barotrauma are the middle ear (otic barotrauma), sinuses (sinus barotrauma), and the lungs (pulmonary barotrauma). This article will ...This guideline is aimed at clinical staff responsible for the management of neonatal infants suspected or diagnosed with a pneumothorax. 2. Policy Objectives. As above. 3. Policy Intended Outcomes. Safe and evidence based management of neonatal infants suspected or diagnosed with a pneumothorax. 4.The nurse caring for the patient with a suspected or confirmed pneumothorax or hemothorax should: * auscultate the lungs. * obtain vital signs and oxygen saturation. * monitor for signs and symptoms of difficulty breathing. * monitor for asymmetrical lung expansion. * percuss over the lungs. * assess for wounds.1. Assess and record respiratory rate and depth at least every four hours. The average rate of respiration for adults is 10 to 20 breaths per minute. It is important to take action when there is an alteration in breathing patterns to detect early signs of compromise in the respiratory system.

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A nursing diagnosis is a professional judgment rendered by a nurse in order to determine nursing interventions to achieve outcomes, NANDA International explains. A nursing diagnosi...Primary Nursing Diagnosis. Impaired gas exchange related to decreased oxygen diffusion capacity. Diagnostic Evaluation. Chest x-ray reveals lung collapse with air between … PRIORITIZED NURSING PROBLEM FOR PNEUMOTHORAX Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Intervention Rationale Ineffective breathing pattern related to airway obstruction secondary to pneumothorax. Independent 1. Monitor rate, rhythm and depth of respiration. Note breathing irregularities, for example, apneustic, ataxic, or cluster breathing. 2. Oct 30, 2021 · The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. In the following section, we will cover subjective and objective data related to decreased cardiac output. 1. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure. Mar 28, 2022 · Obstructive shock refers to the anatomical blockage of the great vessels of the heart, leading to decreased venous return, increased afterload, and decreased cardiac output. Tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade are different causes of obstructive shock, all of which are considered medical emergencies. Updated on April 29, 2024. By Matt Vera BSN, R.N. In this ultimate tutorial and nursing diagnosis list, we’ll walk you through the concepts behind writing nursing diagnosis. Learn what a nursing diagnosis is, its history and evolution, the nursing process, the different types and classifications, and how to write nursing diagnoses correctly.As tension pneumothorax is a syndrome diagnosis without an independent reference-standard diagnostic test [10,16,40], any systematic review of its clinical manifestations may be limited by incorporation bias (whereby the estimation of the frequency of clinical manifestations that may have been incorporated into the diagnosis may bias …Understanding pneumothorax Nursing. 2002 Nov;32(11 Pt 1):74, 76. PMID: 12518751Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space causing partial or complete lung collapse. Pneumothorax can occur spontaneously or result from trauma or medical procedures. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and chest x-ray. Most pneumothoraces require transcatheter aspiration or tube thoracostomy.In the world of healthcare, accurate coding and documentation are crucial for proper diagnosis, billing, and reimbursement. One of the key components in this process is the Interna...Treatment of pneumothorax is based on symptoms, size, and the presence of underlying lung disease. Conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a reasonable alternative for patients with limited symptoms and ability to follow-up. When tube thoracostomy is chosen, small-bore catheters ( 14F) are preferred in a majority of cases ...This topic will review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and initial management of injuries sustained in adults from blunt thoracic trauma. Fundamentals of initial trauma management, thoracic trauma in children, and other injuries sustained from trauma are discussed separately. (See "Initial management of trauma in adults" .) ….

Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patient’s recovery from impaired gas exchange. In the following section, you’ll learn about possible nursing interventions for a patient with impaired gas exchange. 1. Maintain patent airway. Ensure the upper airways remain open by: Proper suctioning techniques. Inspect the chest wall for asymmetry, deformities, or injuries. Note any subcutaneous emphysema, a potential sign of air leakage in pneumothorax. Fluid Balance Assessment: Monitor for signs of fluid imbalance, such as hypovolemia in hemothorax cases. Assess skin turgor, mucous membrane moisture, and urine output. Being a nurse is not only a rewarding profession in terms of helping others, but it also offers competitive compensation. However, many people wonder how much being a nurse actuall...Chest trauma has quickly risen to be the second most common traumatic injury in non-intentional trauma.[1] Trauma to the chest is also associated with the highest mortality; in some studies, up to 60% depending on the mechanism of injury.[2] While penetrating chest trauma is less common than blunt trauma, it can be more deadly. Quick thinking and early interventions are key factors for ...Major trauma incidents, particularly motor vehicle accidents, frequently involve serious injuries to the thorax. Such injuries include pneumothorax, haemothorax, pulmonary contusion, cardiac tamponade, flail chest and aortic laceration. The direct effects of these injuries on pulmonary and cardiovascular function can be life threatening, accounting for 25% of all deaths from trauma. In the UK ...Feb 27, 2017 ... Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and pneumonitis, atelectasis, pneumothorax COPD, lung fibrosis from inflammarion, respiratory muscle weakness ...Tension pneumothorax (TPX) is a life-threatening condition that must be recognized immediately and treated urgently before any investigations are performed. While TPX generally occurs in traumatic and critical care settings, a spontaneous pneumothorax may also come under tension. TPX is treated with a needle thoracostomy.Pleural Effusion Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan. Pleural effusion is characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid between the lining of the chest wall and the lining of the lungs, known as the pleural space. Normally, there is a minimal amount of fluid in the pleural space that acts as lubrication to facilitate breathing. Pneumothorax nursing diagnosis, Feb 2, 2019 · Updated on April 29, 2024. By Matt Vera BSN, R.N. In this ultimate tutorial and nursing diagnosis list, we’ll walk you through the concepts behind writing nursing diagnosis. Learn what a nursing diagnosis is, its history and evolution, the nursing process, the different types and classifications, and how to write nursing diagnoses correctly. , In patients who present with sudden onset of sharp pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath, spontaneous pneumothorax should always be on a differential diagnosis list. [3] The diagnosis is often …, The treatment of a pneumothorax varies with the cause. Knowledge of the condition will help the nurse in caring for the neonate at high risk. In this article, types of pneumothoraces will be reviewed, and information will be provided regarding the pathophysiology. diagnosis, treatment, and nursing responsibilities in caring for an infant ..., If you’re looking for a career that offers unparalleled job security, excellent compensation, and the satisfaction of helping others, nursing may be the way to go. By earning a nur..., Nursing care of the patient with a pneumothorax will depend upon the extent of the pneumothorax, patient symptoms, and intended treatment options. Patients will need support with treatment of symptoms, through procedures, and in the case of secondary pneumothoraces, with diagnosis., Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to chest muscle spasms, broken bone fragments, tissue injury, edema, and/or anxiety, secondary to rib fracture as evidenced by pain scale rating, descriptions of pain quality (e.g. throbbing), grimacing, guarding behaviors, and symptoms of exertion and autonomic manifestations of pain. Desired Outcome:, Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in between the parietal and visceral pleura, called the pleural cavity. It can occur by itself or can be the result of surrounding parenchymal disease like infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions. Pleural effusion is one of the major causes of pulmonary mortality and morbidity. This ..., Gas in the pleural space is termed pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can be a life-threatening condition that needs prompt attention. The management strategies of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP; presents in the absence of an external factor/underlying cause) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP; presents as …, Updated on April 29, 2024. By Matt Vera BSN, R.N. In this ultimate tutorial and nursing diagnosis list, we’ll walk you through the concepts behind writing nursing diagnosis. Learn what a nursing diagnosis is, its history and evolution, the nursing process, the different types and classifications, and how to write nursing diagnoses correctly., 6 Pulmonary Tuberculosis Nursing Care Plans. Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing pulmonary tuberculosis This ..., Cancer is a serious disease, and you should feel confident in your diagnosis and comfortable with your treatment plan. If you have doubts about either, talking to another doctor ca..., Treatment. |. Tension pneumothorax is accumulation of air in the pleural space under pressure, compressing the lungs and decreasing venous return to the heart. (See also Overview of Thoracic Trauma.) Tension pneumothorax develops when a lung or chest wall injury is such that it allows air into the pleural space but not out of it (a one-way valve)., Tracheal Deviation to unaffected side (tension pneumothorax) Nursing Assessment for Pneumothorax and Hemothorax . Respiratory Assessment: Monitor respiratory rate, depth, and effort. Assess for signs of respiratory distress, such as increased work of breathing, use of accessory muscles, and cyanosis. Breath Sounds:, procedure. A pneumothorax can be seen both with penetrating and blunt trauma. The most common procedures to cause a pneumothorax include a central line, thoracentesis, pacemaker, tracheostomy or biopsy. Other causes include CPR and positive-pressure ventilation. A tension pneumothorax is a true emergency that needs immediate correction., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The client is admitted to the emergency department with chest trauma. When assess- ing the client, which signs/symptoms would the nurse expect to find that support the diagnosis of pneumothorax? 1. Bronchovesicular lung sounds and bradypnea. 2. Unequal lung …, Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumothorax Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air. Continue reading. Ask a new question. Discover more from: Adult Health II NU 302. Herzing University., A pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air between parietal and visceral pleural cavity. [] Tension pneumothorax is the accumulation of air under pressure in the pleural space. This condition develops when injured tissue forms a 1-way valve, allowing air to enter the pleural space and preventing the air from escaping naturally., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., Learn how to diagnose and manage pneumothorax, a condition of collapsed lung caused by air entering the pleural space. Find out the nursing care plans for different types of pneumothorax, such as spontaneous, iatrogenic, and tension, and their related nursing diagnoses. See examples of assessment, intervention, and expected outcomes for each care plan., Pleural disorders, including the following: pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and hemothorax. Chest tubes in detail, include an overview ..., A tension pneumothorax is a severe pneumothorax involving the displacement of mediastinal structures and haemodynamic compromise. 1. In the UK, the incidence of pneumothorax is 19 per 100,000 in males and 8 per 100,000 in females. 85% of pneumothoraces are primary, and incidence is highest in patients aged over 65. 2-3., Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses., Acute scenarios typically begin with a brief handover from a member of the nursing staff including the ... A tension pneumothorax is a clinical diagnosis. Treat for a tension pneumothorax immediately, without waiting for a chest X-ray, if you find clinical signs of pneumothorax (see above) in addition to:, Case Study Nursing Diagnosis of Pneumothorax - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Nursing Diagnosis of Pneumothorax: Acute Pain r/t trauma, Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t tracheobronchial obstruction, Impaired Gas Exchange r/t altered oxygen supply, The following are the therapeutic nursing interventions for managing clients with an impaired balance of gas exchange. 1. Improving oxygen perfusion. Assessment of oxygen saturation. Monitor oxygen saturation continuously, using a pulse oximeter. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool to detect changes in oxygenation., A tension pneumothorax is that same thing, there is a hold into the pleural space, except air can’t escape. So during inhalation, air is going in, but during exhalation, it can’t get out. So every time you inhale, more and more air gets trapped, and everything inside the chest gets squished. There’s only so much space inside the chest., Feb 15, 2023 · Point of Care - Clinical decision support for Pneumothorax. Treatment and management. Introduction, Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, History and Physical, Evaluation, Treatment / Management, Differential Diagnosis, Prognosis, Complications, Consultations, Deterrence and Patient Education, Pearls and Other Issues, Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes , procedure. A pneumothorax can be seen both with penetrating and blunt trauma. The most common procedures to cause a pneumothorax include a central line, thoracentesis, pacemaker, tracheostomy or biopsy. Other causes include CPR and positive-pressure ventilation. A tension pneumothorax is a true emergency that needs immediate correction., Treatment. |. Tension pneumothorax is accumulation of air in the pleural space under pressure, compressing the lungs and decreasing venous return to the heart. (See also Overview of Thoracic Trauma.) Tension pneumothorax develops when a lung or chest wall injury is such that it allows air into the pleural space but not out of it (a one-way valve)., Obstructive shock refers to the anatomical blockage of the great vessels of the heart, leading to decreased venous return, increased afterload, and decreased cardiac output. Tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade are different causes of obstructive shock, all of which are considered medical emergencies., A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks from the lung into the space between the lung and the chest wall. A pneumothorax is categorized as primary spontaneous, secondary spontaneous, or traumatic pneumothorax. A primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in individuals who have no known history of lung …, The following are the therapeutic nursing interventions for managing clients with an impaired balance of gas exchange. 1. Improving oxygen perfusion. Assessment of oxygen saturation. Monitor oxygen saturation continuously, using a pulse oximeter. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool to detect changes in oxygenation., Impaired gas exchange is a common nursing diagnosis that refers to a patient’s inability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses.